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| 弹性力学:应变分析 [2025/12/05 13:09] – [5.2. 第一组方程的证明(平面内协调)] 张叶安 | 弹性力学:应变分析 [2025/12/05 13:12] (当前版本) – [3. 第二组方程的证明(空间混合协调)] 张叶安 | ||
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| 行 147: | 行 147: | ||
| $$ \frac{\partial^2 \varepsilon_z}{\partial x^2} + \frac{\partial^2 \varepsilon_x}{\partial z^2} = \frac{\partial^2 \gamma_{zx}}{\partial z \partial x} $$ | $$ \frac{\partial^2 \varepsilon_z}{\partial x^2} + \frac{\partial^2 \varepsilon_x}{\partial z^2} = \frac{\partial^2 \gamma_{zx}}{\partial z \partial x} $$ | ||
| - | ==== 3. 第二组方程的证明(空间混合协调) ==== | + | ==== 5.3. 第二组方程的证明(空间混合协调) ==== |
| 这组方程联系一个正应变和三个切应变。我们以 $\varepsilon_x$ 为例进行推导。 | 这组方程联系一个正应变和三个切应变。我们以 $\varepsilon_x$ 为例进行推导。 | ||
| - | === 3.1 构造目标项 === | + | === 5.3.1 构造目标项 === |
| 首先,对 $\varepsilon_x$ 关于 $y$ 和 $z$ 求混合偏导,并乘以 2(为了凑系数): | 首先,对 $\varepsilon_x$ 关于 $y$ 和 $z$ 求混合偏导,并乘以 2(为了凑系数): | ||
| $$ 2 \frac{\partial^2 \varepsilon_x}{\partial y \partial z} = 2 \frac{\partial^2}{\partial y \partial z} \left( \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} \right) = 2 \frac{\partial^3 u}{\partial x \partial y \partial z} \quad \dots (4) $$ | $$ 2 \frac{\partial^2 \varepsilon_x}{\partial y \partial z} = 2 \frac{\partial^2}{\partial y \partial z} \left( \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} \right) = 2 \frac{\partial^3 u}{\partial x \partial y \partial z} \quad \dots (4) $$ | ||
| - | === 3.2 构造切应变组合 === | + | === 5.3.2 构造切应变组合 === |
| 我们需要寻找切应变的某种导数组合,使其结果等于 (4) 式。考察以下三项导数: | 我们需要寻找切应变的某种导数组合,使其结果等于 (4) 式。考察以下三项导数: | ||
| - | * $$ \frac{\partial \gamma_{xy}}{\partial z} = \frac{\partial^2 v}{\partial x \partial z} + \frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial y \partial z} $$ | + | $$ \frac{\partial \gamma_{xy}}{\partial z} = \frac{\partial^2 v}{\partial x \partial z} + \frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial y \partial z} $$ |
| - | * $$ \frac{\partial \gamma_{zx}}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial z \partial y} + \frac{\partial^2 w}{\partial x \partial y} $$ | + | |
| - | * $$ -\frac{\partial \gamma_{yz}}{\partial x} = -\frac{\partial^2 w}{\partial y \partial x} - \frac{\partial^2 v}{\partial z \partial x} $$ | + | |
| - | === 3.3 组合与消元 === | + | $$ \frac{\partial \gamma_{zx}}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial z \partial y} + \frac{\partial^2 w}{\partial x \partial y} $$ |
| + | |||
| + | $$ -\frac{\partial \gamma_{yz}}{\partial x} = -\frac{\partial^2 w}{\partial y \partial x} - \frac{\partial^2 v}{\partial z \partial x} $$ | ||
| + | |||
| + | === 5.3.3 组合与消元 === | ||
| 将上述三式相加: | 将上述三式相加: | ||
| 行 172: | 行 174: | ||
| 由于混合偏导数相等,含 $v$ 和 $w$ 的项相互抵消,只剩下 $u$ 的项: | 由于混合偏导数相等,含 $v$ 和 $w$ 的项相互抵消,只剩下 $u$ 的项: | ||
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| $$ \frac{\partial \gamma_{xy}}{\partial z} + \frac{\partial \gamma_{zx}}{\partial y} - \frac{\partial \gamma_{yz}}{\partial x} = 2 \frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial y \partial z} $$ | $$ \frac{\partial \gamma_{xy}}{\partial z} + \frac{\partial \gamma_{zx}}{\partial y} - \frac{\partial \gamma_{yz}}{\partial x} = 2 \frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial y \partial z} $$ | ||
| 行 177: | 行 180: | ||
| 对上式两边同时关于 $x$ 求导: | 对上式两边同时关于 $x$ 求导: | ||
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| $$ \frac{\partial}{\partial x} \left( -\frac{\partial \gamma_{yz}}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial \gamma_{zx}}{\partial y} + \frac{\partial \gamma_{xy}}{\partial z} \right) = 2 \frac{\partial^3 u}{\partial x \partial y \partial z} $$ | $$ \frac{\partial}{\partial x} \left( -\frac{\partial \gamma_{yz}}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial \gamma_{zx}}{\partial y} + \frac{\partial \gamma_{xy}}{\partial z} \right) = 2 \frac{\partial^3 u}{\partial x \partial y \partial z} $$ | ||
| 对比 (4) 式,得证: | 对比 (4) 式,得证: | ||
| + | |||
| $$ 2 \frac{\partial^2 \varepsilon_x}{\partial y \partial z} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x} \left( -\frac{\partial \gamma_{yz}}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial \gamma_{zx}}{\partial y} + \frac{\partial \gamma_{xy}}{\partial z} \right) $$ | $$ 2 \frac{\partial^2 \varepsilon_x}{\partial y \partial z} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x} \left( -\frac{\partial \gamma_{yz}}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial \gamma_{zx}}{\partial y} + \frac{\partial \gamma_{xy}}{\partial z} \right) $$ | ||
| 利用轮换下标法,可得另外两个方程: | 利用轮换下标法,可得另外两个方程: | ||
| + | |||
| $$ 2 \frac{\partial^2 \varepsilon_y}{\partial x \partial z} = \frac{\partial}{\partial y} \left( \frac{\partial \gamma_{yz}}{\partial x} - \frac{\partial \gamma_{zx}}{\partial y} + \frac{\partial \gamma_{xy}}{\partial z} \right) $$ | $$ 2 \frac{\partial^2 \varepsilon_y}{\partial x \partial z} = \frac{\partial}{\partial y} \left( \frac{\partial \gamma_{yz}}{\partial x} - \frac{\partial \gamma_{zx}}{\partial y} + \frac{\partial \gamma_{xy}}{\partial z} \right) $$ | ||
| + | |||
| $$ 2 \frac{\partial^2 \varepsilon_z}{\partial x \partial y} = \frac{\partial}{\partial z} \left( \frac{\partial \gamma_{yz}}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial \gamma_{zx}}{\partial y} - \frac{\partial \gamma_{xy}}{\partial z} \right) $$ | $$ 2 \frac{\partial^2 \varepsilon_z}{\partial x \partial y} = \frac{\partial}{\partial z} \left( \frac{\partial \gamma_{yz}}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial \gamma_{zx}}{\partial y} - \frac{\partial \gamma_{xy}}{\partial z} \right) $$ | ||